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    Why Capitalism Failed in the Ottoman Empire and the Turkish Republic

    Nations do not fail because of geography, culture or ignorance. Instead, they fail because elites make political choices to preserve power. The economic history of the Ottoman Empire and the Republic of Turkey tests a key hypothesis regarding prosperity. Inclusive...

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    What Are Republics, Exactly? It’s a Good Time to Learn

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    Shaping Public Discourse: The Dual Edge of AI in Democracy

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    The Dialectic: Narendra Modi’s Vegetarian Stalinism Has Ruined the Indian Economy

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    Fair Observer Monthly: January 2026

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