Iran-Afghanistan Tensions Now Rising Over Water

The longstanding Iran-Afghanistan dispute over Helmand River, drawn in 1870s, is crucial as Afghanistan's longest river.

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Kamal Khan Dam opened in 2021 on lower Helmand, causing Iran's animosity due to alleged non-compliance with Helmand River Treaty.

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Kabul built the dam to address infrastructural and agricultural issues, while Tehran opposes it, fearing water supply disruption.

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Former President Ashraf Ghani stated that Afghanistan would stop providing free water to Iran, but shortly after, Taliban took control.

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Iran's Foreign Minister warned Afghanistan about denying access to Helmand River, stressing strain on their relationship.

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Article explores if Afghanistan can legally divert Helmand River and highlights key elements of the bilateral agreement.

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1973 Helmand River Treaty mandates Afghanistan to provide Iran with 22 cubic meters/sec water annually, with additional goodwill supply.

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Treaty ensures Iran's access to Helmand River, while Article V grants Afghanistan full rights to remaining water supply.

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